Obstetrics & Gynecology

Fetal growth and development refer to the process by which a fertilized egg, or zygote, develops into a fully formed fetus during pregnancy. This process is divided into various stages and involves significant changes and growth in the developing embryo or fetus. Here's an overview of the key stages of fetal growth and development: 1.Fertilization: Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell successfully penetrates the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote. This typically happens in the fallopian tube. 2.Cleavage: The zygote begins to divide rapidly through a process called cleavage. These early cell divisions lead to the formation of a morula, a solid ball of cells. 3.Blastocyst Formation: The morula eventually develops into a blastocyst, which is a hollow, fluid-filled structure with an inner cell mass. The blastocyst will eventually implant into the uterine lining. 4.Implantation: The blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall and starts to receive nourishment from the mother...

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      Fertility Treatments ( e.g. in vitro fertilization,                                  intrauterine insemination) Fertility treatments, also known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART), are medical procedures and techniques designed to help individuals or couples with infertility issues conceive a child. These treatments are typically considered when natural conception is not possible or has been unsuccessful. Fertility treatments have advanced significantly in recent years and offer various options to address different causes of infertility. Here are some common fertility treatments: 1.      Ovulation Induction : Ovulation induction is a treatment where medications are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs. It is often used in cases of ovulatory disorders. Common medications include clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins. ...

                                     Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the female reproductive organs, primarily affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is typically caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive organs. The most common bacteria responsible for PID are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, other bacteria, such as those found in the normal vaginal flora, can also cause PID. Here are some key points to know about PID: 1.      Symptoms : PID can vary in severity and presentation, but common symptoms include lower abdominal pain, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain...

                            Ovarian Cyst Ovarian cyst removal, also known as ovarian cystectomy, is a surgical procedure used to remove cysts that have developed on the ovaries. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form on or within the ovaries. While many ovarian cysts are benign and resolve on their own, some may cause pain, discomfort, or other complications, necessitating surgical removal. There are a few different types of ovarian cysts, including: Functional Cysts: These are the most common type and often resolve on their own. Functional cysts can include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Dermoid Cysts: These cysts can contain tissues like hair and skin because they develop from cells that can become any type of tissue. Endometriomas: These cysts develop in women with endometriosis and are filled with old blood. Cystadenomas: These cysts can be filled with a watery or mucous-like ...