Obstetrics & Gynecology

      Fertility Treatments ( e.g. in vitro fertilization,                                  intrauterine insemination) Fertility treatments, also known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART), are medical procedures and techniques designed to help individuals or couples with infertility issues conceive a child. These treatments are typically considered when natural conception is not possible or has been unsuccessful. Fertility treatments have advanced significantly in recent years and offer various options to address different causes of infertility. Here are some common fertility treatments: 1.      Ovulation Induction : Ovulation induction is a treatment where medications are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs. It is often used in cases of ovulatory disorders. Common medications include clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins. ...

                                     Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the female reproductive organs, primarily affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is typically caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive organs. The most common bacteria responsible for PID are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, other bacteria, such as those found in the normal vaginal flora, can also cause PID. Here are some key points to know about PID: 1.      Symptoms : PID can vary in severity and presentation, but common symptoms include lower abdominal pain, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain...

                            Ovarian Cyst Ovarian cyst removal, also known as ovarian cystectomy, is a surgical procedure used to remove cysts that have developed on the ovaries. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form on or within the ovaries. While many ovarian cysts are benign and resolve on their own, some may cause pain, discomfort, or other complications, necessitating surgical removal. There are a few different types of ovarian cysts, including: Functional Cysts: These are the most common type and often resolve on their own. Functional cysts can include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Dermoid Cysts: These cysts can contain tissues like hair and skin because they develop from cells that can become any type of tissue. Endometriomas: These cysts develop in women with endometriosis and are filled with old blood. Cystadenomas: These cysts can be filled with a watery or mucous-like ...

  THE MALE FACTOR IN RECURRENT ABORTIONS? Recurrent pregnancy loss, often referred to as recurrent miscarriage, is defined as the occurrence of two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the fetus reaches viability, typically before 20 weeks of gestation. It's essential to understand that pregnancy loss is a complex and multi-factorial issue, and both female and male factors can contribute to recurrent abortions. Let's discuss the male factor in recurrent abortions: Genetic Factors: Chromosomal Abnormalities: Genetic abnormalities in sperm can lead to chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo, increasing the risk of miscarriage. This can be due to issues like sperm carrying an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy). DNA Damage: Sperm with damaged DNA may lead to a higher risk of miscarriage as damaged DNA can affect embryo development. Sperm Quality: Sperm Count: Low sperm count (oligospermia) can impact fertility and increase the risk of miscarriage. Sperm Motility: Po...

WHAT IS A FAKE PREGNANCY?                                                               A fake pregnancy, also known as a pseudocyesis or false pregnancy, is a psychological condition in which a person believes they are pregnant and may exhibit many of the physical and emotional symptoms of pregnancy, even though they are not actually carrying a baby. This condition is relatively rare and is primarily a result of the person's strong desire or belief that they are pregnant. People experiencing a fake pregnancy may have symptoms such as: Missed periods: They may stop having menstrual periods, which can contribute to the belief of being pregnant. Abdominal swelling: Some individuals may experience a noticeable increase in abdominal size, often mistaken for a baby bump. Breast changes: The breasts may bec...